A preliminary study on the relationship between neural development and gut microbiota in preterm infants / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between the neural development of preterm infants and gut microbiota.Methods:66 premature infants who were hospitalized in the Neonatology Department of Hunan Children′s Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019 were included in the study. Their fecal samples and clinical data from the first admission were collected. According to the neurodevelopment, the patients were divided into normal neurodevelopment group and neurodysplasia group. The bacterial DNA of fecal samples was extracted by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis was conducted to compare the composition and diversity of gut microbiota between the two groups.Results:(1) The Shannon index of gut microbiota in normal neurodevelopmental group and neurodysplastic group was 0.89(0.41, 1.51) and 1.01(0.47, 1.31), respectively. There was no significant difference in diversity index between the two groups ( P>0.05). (2) Bifidobacterium, veronica and negativites in the gut microbiota of the normal neurodevelopmental group were significantly higher (all P<0.05), and streptococcus in the gut microbiota of the dysplastic group were significantly higher ( P<0.05). The gut microbiota of the two groups were mainly enterococcus and escherichia shigella. Conclusions:At the genus level, enterococcus and escherichia are the dominant flora of early gut microbiota in preterm infants. Gut microbiota is related to the neural development of preterm infants. The increased abundance of streptococcus, and the decreased abundance of bifidobacterium, veronicus, and negativites may be risk factors for neurodysplasia of preterm infants. The diversity of gut microbiota in early preterm infants may not be significantly related to neural development.

Clinical analysis of 172 cases of neonatal death after giving up treatment / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To summarize the situation of dead newborns and their parents after parents gave up treatment, and analyze the reasons and emotional needs of parents who gave up treatment, so as to provide reference for reducing neonatal mortality and negative emotions of parents.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to collect the data of neonates and mothers who died after giving up treatment reported in Hunan Children′s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. The general information, perinatal risk factors, and the incidence of in-hospital diseases were analyzed. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of newborns who died after giving up treatment from February to December 2021. Understand why parents give up treatment and their emotional needs.Results:A total of 172 newborns died after giving up were included in the analysis, including 103 males (59.88%) and 74 premature infants (43.02%); Umbilical cord, placenta and amniotic fluid abnormalities were 21 cases (12.21%), 39 cases (22.67%) and 25 cases (14.53%), respectively. Birth asphyxia was 31 cases (18.02%), including severe asphyxia in 18 cases (10.46%); There were 21 (12.21%), 35 (20.35%) and 30 (17.44%) cases of maternal infection in the third trimester, hypertension in pregnancy and diabetes in pregnancy, respectively. The top three causes of death were septicemia (18.02%), congenital malformation (16.86%) and severe pneumonia (10.47%). The main reason why parents give up treatment was that the child′s disease was critical and irreversible, and parents had strong emotional needs for hospice care in their hearts.Conclusions:There are many high risk factors of perinatal death of newborns after giving up treatment. Sepsis is the primary cause of death, and strengthening perinatal health care is fundamental. Parents have a strong demand for hospice care, so it is of practical significance to implement family-centered hospice care model for such special newborns.

Genetic analysis of unexplained neonatal encephalopathy / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To explore the potential genetic causes of unexplained neonatal encephalopathy.Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 113 infants diagnosed with unexplained neonatal encephalopathy and underwent genetic testing in the Children's Hospital of Hunan Province from January 2019 to May 2021. Perinatal data, clinical manifestations, electroencephalograph, brain MRI findings, genetic information, and prognosis of those patients were analyzed. T-test or Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Results:Of the 113 infants enrolled, 74 (65.5%) were males. The gestational age at birth was (38.6±1.5) weeks, and the birth weight was (2 957±561) g. The most common clinical manifestation was the disturbance of consciousness (83/113, 73.5%), followed by seizures (39/113, 34.5%). There were 38.2% (34/89) of the patients with abnormal brain MRI, and 80.4% (74/92) presented abnormal electroencephalography. Among the 113 infants, 60 (53.1%) had genetic abnormalities, including 48 with single nucleotide variations, eight with copy number variations, and four with chromosome abnormalities. Single nucleotide variations in the 48 patients were classified into syndromic ( n=18, 37.5%), metabolic ( n=16, 33.3%), epileptic ( n=11, 22.9%) and mitochondrial-related genes ( n=3, 6.3%), of which 14 were not included in any database. Among the 103 cases which were successfully followed up until December 31, 2021, 75 (72.8%) had a poor prognosis, including 52 (50.5%) death cases and 23 (22.3%) cases of development retardation. Birth weight and the incidence of seizures in the poor prognosis group were both lower than those in the non-poor prognosis group [(2 876±536) vs (3 254±554) g, t=3.15; 29.3% (22/75) vs 53.6% (15/28), χ2=5.20; both P<0.05], while the incidence of disturbance of consciousness was higher [80.0% (60/75) vs 53.6% (15/28), χ2=7.19, P<0.05]. The proportion of infants with genetic abnormalities in the poor prognosis group was higher than that in the non-poor prognosis group, but the difference was not statistically significant [53.3% (40/75) vs 46.4% (13/28), χ2=0.39, P=0.533]. Conclusions:Genetic abnormality is one of the leading causes of unexplained neonatal encephalopathy. Nucleotide variation is the most common genetic type. Syndromic, metabolic, and epileptic variants are frequently detected in these patients.

Application of biological maternal sounds stimulation in mechanically ventilated children with severe pneumonia / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of biological maternal sounds on blood gas analysis index, mechanical ventilation time, oxygen therapy time and hospital stay in mechanically ventilated children with severe pneumonia.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. From June 2020 to November 2020, 128 mechanically ventilated children with severe pneumonia in Hunan Children′s Hospital were selected by convenient sampling method and divided into four groups with 32 cases in each group by random number table method. Group A was given routine nursing care, group B was given mother sounds, group C was given mother cardiotone, group D was given biological maternal sounds. Data of blood gas analysis index, mechanical ventilation duration, oxygen therapy duration, hospital stays were collected for comparative analysis.Results:Finally, group A, B, C, and D included 28, 30, 28 and 28 cases, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in PaO 2 among the four groups on the 1st to 2nd day after intervention ( P>0.05), but PaO 2 on the 3rd to 7th day after intervention were (75.57 ± 12.88), (77.71 ± 15.81), (78.21 ± 14.51), (78.64 ± 17.71), (79.04 ± 11.57) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (81.71 ± 17.89), (82.93 ± 18.36), (82.68 ± 15.47), (83.25 ± 14.24), (83.77 ± 13.90) mmHg, (80.89 ± 18.78) (82.11 ± 13.34), (82.96 ± 14.20), (83.43 ± 14.37), (83.68 ± 12.64) mmHg, (84.54 ± 18.77), (86.29 ± 10.94), (86.96 ± 10.53), (87.46 ± 12.64), (89.08 ± 12.21) mmHg, with statistically significant differences ( F values were 41.17 - 332.68, all P<0.01). Further pairwise comparison revealed that PaO 2 in group B and group C were higher than those in group A on the 3rd to 7th day after intervention, while those in group D were higher on the 3rd to 7th day after intervention than those in group A, B, and C, with statistically significant differences( t values were 3.35- 4.75, all P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in PaCO 2 among the four groups on the 1st to 4th day after intervention ( P>0.05), but PaCO 2 on the 5th to 7th day after intervention was (47.31 ± 2.89), (46.18 ± 2.06), (41.94 ± 2.09) mmHg, (44.73 ± 1.76), (41.38 ± 1.30), (38.33 ± 1.16) mmHg, (44.81 ± 1.24), (41.23 ± 1.89), (38.73 ± 2.55) mmHg, (40.83 ± 1.78), (37.87 ± 1.43), (34.78 ± 2.05) mmHg, with statistically significant differences ( F=29.48, 36.12, 34.52, all P<0.05). Further pairwise comparison revealed that PaCO 2 in group B and group C were lower than those in group A on the 5th to 7th day after intervention, while PaCO 2 in group D were lower than those in groups A, B, and C, with statistically significant differences ( t values were 3.37-4.85, all P<0.01). During the analysis of PaO 2 and PaCO 2 in the four groups at different time points, the interaction effects were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in invasive mechanical ventilation duration, non-invasive mechanical ventilation duration and hospital stay among the four groups after intervention ( P>0.05). The oxygen therapy time of the four groups were (8.61 ± 6.40), (6.17 ± 4.80), (6.23 ± 2.75), and (3.75 ± 2.10) days, with statistically significant differences ( F=17.27, P<0.01). Further pairwise comparison revealed that the oxygen therapy time in group B and group C was shorter than that in group A, while group D was significantly shorter than that in groups A, B, and C, with statistically significant differences ( t values were 4.02-4.74, all P<0.01). Conclusions:Biological maternal sounds is superior to maternal sound and mother cardiotone in improve the blood gas analysis index, shorten the oxygen treatment time, which is worthy of clinical promotion in neonatal unaccompanied ward.

Applications of near-infrared spectroscopy in perinatal management: a review / 中华围产医学杂志

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can directly measure the oxygenation of organs and tissues and is superior to percutaneous oxygen saturation monitoring technology, which only reflects the oxygen partial pressure in blood and oxygen saturation in acral arterioles. This review summarizes the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of NIRS in identifying fetal conditions by monitoring placental oxygenation, evaluating adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by hypoxia during the fetus-to-neonate transition, providing precise guidance on resuscitation, and optimizing early postnatal respiratory and circulatory support.

Effects of total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides L on neurobehavioral function and the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters in rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides L on the nervous behavior and the expression of neurotransmitters in rats. Methods 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank group,total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides L treatment with 4 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ( low dose group) ,8 mg·kg-1 ·d-1( medium dose group) and 16 mg·kg-1 ·d-1( high dose group) groups. After successive intragastric administration for 30 days,the locomotor activity was applied to test the nervous behavior and emotional state of rats in each group. After behavioral tests were finished,the contents of trypto-phan (Trp),5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP),5-serotonin (5-HT),5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE),epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) were detected by ELISA in serum and brain. Results In the experiment of locomotor activity,compared with blank group ((95.33±12.75) times),the numbers of horizontal movement of Sophora alopecuroides L in medium and high dose group ( ( 61. 64 ± 5.91),(64.62±5.79)times both P0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that the degree of au-tonomic activity in rats with the content of 5-HT,5-HIAA and DA in serum was negatively correlated (P<0.05, P<0.01) ,the degree of emotional stress and the content of 5-HT,5-HIAA in brain was negatively cor-related (P<0.05, P<0.01) . Conclusion The total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides L can reduce the ac-tivity of rats and increase the degree of emotional stress. And the mechanism may be correlated with the in-creasing level of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in serum and brain.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide promotes osteogenesis by signaling pathway activation after LRP5 silencing / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Our previous studies have found that polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (BMSCs) by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, but the molecular mechanism is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of PSP promoting the osteogenic differentiation via Wnt signaling pathways in BMSCs after LRP5 silencing. METHODS:LRP5 interference vectors were constructed and then transfected into C57BL/6 mouse BMSCs cultured in vitro. The transfection efficiency of cel s was calculated under fluorescence inverted microscope and the expression of LRP5 protein was detected by western blot assay. The osteogenic potential of BMSCs after LRP5-siRNA transfection was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining and western blot assay. Effect of PSP on the osteogenic differentiation of LIRP5-silenced mouse BMSCs was detected by real-time PCR and dual luciferase assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the mineralization ability, the mRNA expressions of Runx2 and Osterix, and the protein expression of LRP5 were significantly decreased in the LRP5-siRNA group (P<0.05). PSP could promote LRP5-siRNA transfected mouse BMSCs differentiating into osteoblasts and significantly upregulated the expressions ofβ-catenin and Osterixin, and also induced the high expression of luciferase reporter gene (TOPFlash) containing wild type TCF binding sites (P<0.05). To conclude, LRP5 plays an important role in the process of mouse BMSCs differentiating into osteoblasts. PSP can promote the osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway independent on LRP5.

Study on the in vitro Transdermal Absorption Properties of Galangin / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the in vitro transdermal absorption properties of galangin and effects of different pene-tration enhancers on its transdermal behaviors,and provide reference for developing skin preparations using galangin as APIs in the treatment of vitiligo. METHODS:HPLC was used to determine the galangin content. Using cumulative permeation rate (Q) and the transdermal rate(J)of galangin as indexes,the effect of absorption of receiving solution [20%,40% polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400)solution and 30% ethanol solution] and rotating rate(200,300,400 r/min)on galangin in complete skin of mice were investigated,as well as the azone(1%,3%,5%)and propylene glycol(10%,20%,40%)alone or combination on its penetra-tion promotion. And the transdermal properties of galangin in complete skin,exfoliating skin,dermis skin of rats and mice were de-tected. RESULTS:The best permeability of complete skin of mice showed in 40% PEG400 solution at rotating speed of 300 r/min with 5% azone alone,J was 3.2570 μg/(cm2·h). Js of complete skin,exfoliating skin,dermis skin of mice were 2.7199,34.016, 33.874 μg/(cm2·h),respectively;and those of rats were 0.4996,9.5124,17.406 μg/(cm2·h). CONCLUSIONS:Galangin can penetrate the complete skin of mice and rats,however,the penetration quantity is far lower than exfoliating skin and dermis skin.

miR-136-5p effect on A20 expression in interleukin-17-stimulated astrocytes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: miRNA plays a critical regulatory role in the development and plasticity of spinal cord, and pathological changes after spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of miR-136-5p on the A20 expression in mouse astrocytes stimulated by interleukin-17 (IL-17). METHODS: C57BL/6 mouse astrocytes were cultured in vitro, identified by immunofluorescence staining, and then stimulated by 100 μg/L IL-17 for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. The relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected by RT-PCR to determine the optimal stimulation time of IL-17. The mouse astrocytes were respectively stimulated by 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/L IL-7 for 6 hours, and similarly, the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected to determine the optimal concentration of IL-17. At 6 hours after IL-17 (50 μg/L) stimulation, the mRNA expression levels of miR-136-5p and A20 in mouse astrocytes were detected by RT- PCR, and the protein expression level of A20 was detected by western blot assay. In addition, the lentiviral expression vector (miR-136-5p-inhibition) was constructed and transfected into the mouse astrocytes that were also stimulated by IL-7 to detect the expression levels of miR-136-5p, A20 mRNA and A20 protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank control group, the expression level of miR-136-5p in the miR-136-5p-inhibition group was significantly decreased after 6-hour IL-17 stimulation (P 0.05). To conclude, miR-136-5p makes certain effect on the expression of A20 protein in astrocytes after IL-17 stimulation.

The effect of Polygonatum Sibiricum Polysaccharide on the expression of OPG and RANKL in the rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate PSP on bone microstructures,Ca,P,OPG and RANKL of osteoporotic rat model.Methods Thirty female rats randomly divided into five groups:Sham,OVX,H-,M-,L-PSP.Sham and OVX were irrigated stomachsaline;PSP solution was gavaged to other groups.After 8-week,bone microstructures of tibial metaphyseal,Ca,P,OPG and RANKL were measured.Results Body weight,Ca,P,RANKL,Tb.Sp of OVX were significantly increased compared to Sham,OPG,BV/TV,Tb.Th,Tb.N decreased.Body weight of H-,M-PSP,Ca and Tb.Sp of PSP,P and RANKL in H-PSP were decreased compared to OVX,OPG in H-,M-PSP,BV/TV,Tb.Th,Tb.N of PSP group increased.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PSP prevents osteoporosis by improving the microstructure of trabecular bone,reducing bone turnover,increasing OPG and reducing RANKL expression.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide attenuates bone marrow-derived macrophages to differentiate into osteoclasts and protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced osteolysis in vivo / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) hold the potential of differentiating into osteoclasts. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) may inhibit the differentiation of BM-MNCs into osteoclasts and it is expected to become a new drug for the treatment of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of PSP on the differentiation of mouse BM-MNCs into osteoclasts induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and bone resorption in vivo. METHODS: Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages cultured in vitro, the effect of macrophage colony stimulating factor and PSP (5, 10, 20, 40, 80,160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560 mg/L) on the proliferation of mouse BM-MNCs was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay to determine the PSP concentration range; the mouse BMMs were cultured and induced in DMEM medium containing macrophage colony stimulating factor, RANKL and 5, 10, 20, 40, 80,160, 320, 640 mg/L PSP, respectively; those cultured without PSP served as control group. The morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope.; the number of osteoclasts was detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining; the mRNA expression levels of osteoclast-related genes including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K, and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. A mouse model of calvarial osteolysis induced by lipopolysaccharide was established to receive PSP intervention, and then micro CT scanning, three-dimensional reconstruction and relevants software were used for quantitative analysis of bone volume/volume percentage, trabecular number, trabecular bone spacing and thickness. The number of osteoclasts was identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and quantitative analysis of bone resorption area was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the concentration of PSP below 640 mg/L showed no significant effect on the proliferation of BMMs (P > 0.05). Different concentrations of PSP (40-640 mg/L) significantly reduced the number of osteoclasts, osteoclast differentiation and maturation, and the mRNA expression levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K, and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 TRAP, MMP-9, CtsK and NFATc1 (P < 0.05). Compared with lipopolysaccharide, PSP could effectively alleviate the lipopolysaccharide-induced calvarial osteolysis, and the bone volume/volume percentage, trabecular number, and trabecular bone spacing were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); additionally, the number of osteoclasts and the area of bone resorption were decreased significantly (P < 0.01). To conclude, PSP can inhibit the differentiation and maturation of mouse BMMs to osteoclasts and alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced calvarial osteolysis.

Safety of surgical therapy for neonate aortic coarctation combined with ventricular septal defect / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the safety of surgical repair for neonatal aortic coarctation combined with ventricular septal defect.
@*METHODS@#Twenty-three aortic coarctation neonates received surgical treatment and their clinical data between April, 2013 and May, 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent coarctation repair + ventricular septal defect repair and mild hyperthermia cardiopulmonary bypass under the condition of general anesthesia. All patients were subjected to delayed sternal closure.
@*RESULTS@#One patient died at early post-operation, and no one died during 2-27 months' follow-up. Operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, ICU stay time, mechanical ventilation time, delayed sternal closure time, and post-operative hospital stay time were (192.7±43.4) min, (132.4±26.4) min, (65.3±18.4) min, (185.3±56.4) h, (42.4±24.5) h, (36.3±18.6) h, and (15.3±4.6) d, respectively. Post-operative complications presented in 12 patients, including post-operative hemorrhage in 6 patients, acute renal insufficiency in 4 patients, wound infection in 1 patient, and post-operative coarctation of the aorta in 1 patient. 
@*CONCLUSION@#One-stage complete repair for severe aortic coarctation combined with ventricular septal defect in neonates is safe, and the outcomes are satisfied. Fully free of the aortic arch and individual aorta reconstruction are the keies to successful operation.

Effects of Extracts of Liaoxuan Kaxifu Powders on Proliferation of HaCaT Induced by TNF-α / 中国中医药信息杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of extracts ofLiaoxuan Kaxifu Powders (LE) on proliferation and transcription of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in HaCaT induced by TNF-α; To discuss its mechanism of action.Methods Cultured HaCaT was assigned into normal group, TNF-α group and low-, medium- and high-dose of LE group. Every group was induced by 40 ng/mL TNF-α except for normal group, and then LE groups were treated by different concentrations (8, 40, 200μg/mL) of LE for 48 h. The proliferation of HaCaT was evaluated by MTT and the apoptosis was detected by inverted fluorescence microscope. Levels of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in HaCaT were assessed by ELISA, and their mRNA expressions was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results Compared with normal group, the absorbency of HaCaT and the contents and mRNA expressions of IL-8 and ICAM-1 increased in TNF-α group (P<0.05,P<0.01); compared with TNF-α group, LE of all dose groups could significantly inhibit the absorbency, decrease the contents and mRNA expressions of IL-8 and ICAM-1 (P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion LE is able to inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT induced by TNF-α, and the mechanism is probably related to promoting apoptosis and down-regulating the gene expressions of IL-8 and ICAM-1, and then maintaining the normal level of HaCaT.

Severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: clinical features and follow-up of 123 cases / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the clinical features and follow-up of newborns with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy ( HIE) , and to provide the basis for rational diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.Methods Clinical data of cases of HIE from the Neonatal Department of our Hospital from January 2011 to October 2014 were studied retrospectively. The data of general information, laboratory examination, treatment, outcome, follow-up and prognosis of the patients were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the influential factors of the prognosis of HIE.Results A total of 123 infants with sever HIE were enrolled in our study. In addition to general therapy, 6 cases were treated with mild hypothermia, and 21 cases were treated with high pressure oxygen. 60 cases improved our treatment, 55 cases had withdrawal treatment with parental consent, and 8 cases died. Single factor analysis showed that 5 minutes Apgar score, convulsions, coma, pH, BE, organ injury, and mild hypothermia treatment were the risk factors that affect the prognosis of severe HIE. Multiple factors analysis showed that 5 min Apgar score <3 points ( OR=4. 071 ,95℅CI 1. 309-15. 613 ) and BE≤-10 mmol/L ( OR=36. 810, 95℅CI 5. 913-41. 119) were independent risk factors of prognosis of severe HIE ( P<0. 05). Hospitalization within the first 72 hours of life ( OR=0. 096, 95℅CI 0. 096-0. 353) was a protective factor of severe HIE. Multiorgan injury ( mainly the injury of brain, lung and heart) and electrolyte imbalance ( mainly hypocalcemia and hyponatremia ) were common complications of serve HIE. In the follow-up of these patients, 33 cases were loss in follow up, and 49 cases died (8 cases died during hospitalization, 41 cases died after withdrawal of treatment). The top five causes of death were abandonment of treatment due to financial reasons and the fear of adverse outcome (n=20), multiple organ dysfunction ( n =16 ) , and pneumothorax ( n =4 ) , diffuse intravascular coagulation (n=6), and shock (n=3). 41 cases survived were followed up for 9~54 months. The critical clinical conditions observed among these infants included cerebral palsy ( n = 5 ) , epilepsy ( n = 3 ) and developmental retardation(n=26).Conclusions There are many complications of severe HIE.The mortality of severe HIE is high, and the incidence of poor outcome of survivors is also high. Timely detection of risk factors is the key to the prevention of severe HIE. Long-term prognosis of severe HIE requires proper organization of neonatal follow up.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide regulates osteoblastic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels (BMSCs) have the ability of multi-directional differentiation. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide can promote osteogenetic differentiation of mouse BMSCs by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is expected to become a new drug for the treatment of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs. METHODS:The mouse BMSCs were cultured and induced in osteoblast medium containing final concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50mg/L) of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide. The mouse BMSCs treated without Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide was set as the negative control group. The morphological changes of cels were observed under an inverted microscope. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay was performed by PNPP method. The mineralization nodules were observed and stained with alizarin red S and the number and area fraction were recorded under an inverted microscope. The mRNA expressions of osteogenesis-related genes ALP, Runx2, and osteocalcin were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). qRT-PCR and western blot were used to determine the expression level of β-catenin. The downstream β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity was evaluated with the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide significantly enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity, the mineralization ability of cels, and the mRNA expression of ALP, Runx2 and osteocalcin in the differentiated BMSCs in a dose dependent manner (P <0.05). After induction, the mRNA expression of β-catenin was the highest on the 3rd day. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide significantly increased the expression of β-catenin (P < 0.05) in the process of promoting the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts, and also promoted the high-level expression of luciferase reporter gene (TOPFlash) which contains wild type TCF binding sites (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide can promote the osteoblast differentiation of mouse BMSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Biomechanical characteristics of lumbar vertebra fixation based on finite element analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Posterior lamina resection often causes loss of spinal stability, so screw rod internal fixation technology is needed to maintain the stability of lumbar spine. Finite element analysis can be used to simulate the stress distribution of the spine and internal fixation system after spinal surgery. OBJECTIVE: To build three-dimensional finite element model of spinal L1 to L3, analyze the spinal stability and stress distribution after the total laminectomy and insertion of bilateral pedicle screw using finite element method. METHODS: L1-L3 CT data could be colected from an adult healthy male volunteer. Mimics14.01, 3-matic(V6.0) and Ansys 15.0 could be used to set up the intact lumbar spine finite element model of L1-L3 (group A), the L1-L3 finite element model after L2 total laminectomy (group B), and the finite element model of L2 total laminectomy and insertion of bilateral pedicle screw (group C). We used software to simulate flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation, and three kinds of models received finite element analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Based on the maximum of Von Mises under different motion states, the maximum stress was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P< 0.05). The maximum stress was significantly lower in group B than in group C (P < 0.05). (2) Based on the total deformation under different motion states, the total deformation was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). The total deformation was significantly lower in group C than in groups A and B (P < 0.05). (3) After the total laminectomy, vertebral body stress increased, especialy in the lamina, pedicle and joints. The range of motion of the vertebral body increased, which influenced the stability of the vertebral body. Internal fixation could decrease range of motion. Stress concentrated on the screw. Stress on the vertebral plate and pedicle decreased. The stability of vertebral body increased. Excessive stress concentrated on screw system wil increase the risk of screw breakage.

Effects of Galangin on Gene Expressions of Nrf2 and γ-GCS in Oxidative Damage of A375 Cell Induced by H2O2 / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of galangin on gene expressions of Nrf2 andγ-GCS in oxidative damage of A375 cell;To discuss its protective mechanism for anti-oxidative damage. Methods A375 melanoma cells were induced oxidative stress to establish oxidative damage model by 700μmol/L H2O2. The study was divided into normal group, model group, positive medicine group and high-, medium-, and low-dose galangin groups. All administration groups were given relevant medicine for cultivation. Cell viability was detected by MTT;ROS content was detected by ELISA;the gene expressions of Nrf2 andγ-GCS were detected by RT-PCR.Results Compared with normal group, cell viability decreased significantly;ROS content increased significantly;the gene expressions of Nrf2 andγ-GCS decreased significantly in the model group (P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with model group, cell viability increased, ROS content decreased, the gene expressions of Nrf2 andγ-GCS increased significantly in all administration groups (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Galangin may activate Nrf2 signal path to realize the protective effect on A375 cellular oxidation damage through upregulating the expressions of Nrf2 andγ-GCS to promote the integration of Nrf2 and antioxidant response element and relevant regulatory enzymes.

Changes in cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormones in term infants with critical illness and their clinical significance / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the changes in cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) in term infants with critical illness and to evaluate their functional status.Methods One hundred and fifty term infants who were transferred to the hospital within 72 hours after birth were involved (gestational age ≥ 37 weeks).These term infants were evaluated by neonatal critical illness scores (NCIS) at the time of admission, and they were divided into a mild group and a severe group according to the NCIS scores.Serum cortisol and ACTH concentrations were measured at the time of admission on day 7 and day 14 after birth.Results (1) Within 72 hours after birth, the basic serum cortisol concentration of severe illness infants [(283.5 ± 196.0) μg/L] was significantly higher than that of the infants with mild illness[(175.0 ± 186.5) μg/L], and there was a significant difference (t =-3.830, P =0.000).The basic serum cortisol concentration of the term infants with severe illness was higher than that of the term infants with mild illness,but there was no significant difference[7 d:(94.1 ±41.3) μg/L vs (62.5 ±37.9) μg/L,14 d:(68.6 ±47.7)μg/L vs (50.9 ± 38.4) μg/L, all P ＞ 0.05].(2) Among the infants with critical illness, the basic serum cortisol concentration within 72 hours after birth was significantly higher than those of day 7 and day 14 after birth (t--5.994, 2.848;P =0.000,0.036).(3) Among the mild infants, the basic serum cortisol concentration within 72 hours after birth was significantly higher than those of day 7 and day 14 after birth (t =4.691,3.076;P =0.000,0.037).(4) The basic serum ACTH concentrations had no significant difference between the severe group and the mild group[≤72 h: (101.55±61.52) ng/Lvs (85.54±59.83) ng/L,7 d:(54.91±22.75) ng/Lvs (71.07±20.51) ng/L,14 d: (44.67 ± 28.30) ng/L vs (44.92 ± 24.68) ng/L, all P ＞ 0.05].(5) The serum cortisol and ACTH concentration within 72 hours after birth of the dead infants[(351.9 ± 179.7) μg/L, (215.5 ± 165.9) ng/L] were significantly higher than those of the survivors [(201.4 ± 161.4) μg/L, (83.5 ± 54.0) ng/L], and there were significant differences(t =-2.547,-3.833;P =0.012,0.000).(6) The basic serum cortisol concentration within 72 hours after birth had a negative correlation with NCIS(r =-0.293, P =0.043), pH (r =-0.336, P =0.000) and base excess (BE) (r =-0.261 ,P =0.002);but it had a positive correlation with ACTH concentration within 72 hours after birth (r =0.443 ,P =0.000).The serum basic ACTH within 72 hours after birth had a negative correlation with BE (r =-0.181 ,P =0.031) ,and had positive correlation with the basic serum cortisol concentration within 72 hours and day 7 (r =0.443,0.268;P =0.000,0.048).Conclusions The term infants have the ability to response to external stimuli by regulating cortisol secretion.The basic serum cortisol concentration of term infants is related to the critical illness.The worse the condition is,the higher the base serum cortisol concentration is.

Protective Effects of Acteoside on PC12 Cell Injury Induced by Glutamate / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the effect of acteoside on injury PC12 cells induced by glutamate. Methods PC12 cells were assigned into normal control group, model control group, positive drug group and acteoside(AS) treated group. Every group was treated by 1. 5 mmol·L-1 glutamate for 24 hours except for the control group, and the injury was antagonized by 10 μmol·L-1 Vit E and acteoside at different concentration(15. 625, 31. 25, 62. 5, 125 and 250 μmol·L-1 ). Cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope, cell survival was determined with MTT, LDH activity was measured by enzyme label kit, the MDA content and SOD activity were measured by TBA kit and WST kit, and the ROS was measured by Elisa kit. Results Compared with the model control group, all doses of acteoside could significantly improve the PC12 cell morphology and survival (P<0. 05), inhibit LDH activity and production of MDA and ROS (P<0. 05), increase the activity of SOD (P<0. 05), except for the lowest dose group. Conclusion Acteoside has protective effects on PC12 cells injured by glutamate.

Effects of acteoside on expression of caspase-3 in cerebral cortex of mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of acteoside (AS)on the expression of caspase-3 in cerebral cortex of mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Meth-ods Kunming (KM)strain mice were assigned into control group,model group,positive control group (VitE)and acteoside group.Every group was induced by a combination of D-galactose(i.p.60mg·kg -1 · d -1 )and AlCl3 (i.g.5mg·kg -1 ·d -1 )for 60ds ex-cept for control group,then mice were treated by dif-ferent concentrations(30,60,1 20 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 )of acteoside for 30ds.During the time,mice were in-duced continuously by a combination of D-galactose and AlCl3 .The learning and memory of mice were de-tected by step-down test,the activity of AChE in serum and brain of mice was measured by chemical colorime-try,the structure changes in cerebral cortex were ob-served by HE staining,and the expression of caspase-3 in cerebral cortex was analyzed through the immunohis-tochemical staining.Results Compared with model group,acteoside could improve the learning and mem-ory abilities(P <0.05 or P <0.01 ),decrease the ac-tivity of AChE in serum and brain(P <0.05 or P <0.01 ),and improve the morphology and number of neuron in cerebral cortex(P <0.01 ).Moreover,acte-oside could significantly inhibit the expression of caspase-3 in cerebral cortex (P <0.05,P <0.01 ). Conclusion Acteoside has significantly protective effects on brain damage of mice induced by a combina-tion of D-galactose and AlCl3 , and it′s protective mechanism probably relate to inhibiting the expression of caspase-3 and maintainings the normal morphology and number of neuron in cerebral cortex.